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Opinion-editorials decyphered - 14 January 2006
The “Empire of Evil”’s gas
Decyphering
The conflict between the Russian gas company Gazprom and the Ukrainian state has brought along, as usual, a series of denunciations about Russia “imperialism” and Putin’s authoritarianism in the western media. It is true that if Russia begins to sell its gas to Ukraine based on the prices in the world market it is due to the fact that Moscow is not interested in selling them cheaper energy after Kiev’s recent rapprochement to NATO. However, presenting this conflict as Russia’s illegitimate will to quadruple its profits without mentioning the preferential price from which Ukraine was benefiting until now or hiding Russia’s obligation to liberalize its energy market to enter the World Trade Organization, shows, at least, a deceptive vision of the facts. Analysts discuss the issue in the western media over-dramatizing the facts and portraying a Manichaean image of the Ukrainian-Russian conflict pervaded with memories of the Cold War. On the one hand, they show a virtuous, but poor, Ukrainian democracy wishing to get closer to the West (and thus, to “freedom”) and, on the other, they present a Machiavellian, imperialist, autocrat, aggressive and rich Russia that again tries to trap its neighbor in its net.
The commentary made about this issue by Bernard Guetta, editorialist of the French public radio France Inter and also of the private weekly L’Express, perfectly shows this approach. The analyst condemns what he calls Russian “blackmail” against Ukraine. He regrets that Russia may play an important role in the international arena thanks to its revenues for gas and oil sales, and he calls on the United States and the European Union to help Kiev saying that Russia could recover its influence over that country. The author is coherent with his speech. In an editorial published in L’Express on October 13, 2005, he had written that the increase of Russia’s influence over its neighbors “is not good news for freedom”. This opposition between Russia and “freedom” makes us be aware of the fact that the western media is still very tied to the propaganda slogans of the Cold War.
In those countries’ media, the Cold War was a duel to the death between two systems of contradictory values and not a latent war between two imperialist superpowers that legitimized their actions with speeches that proclaimed values rarely supported by the facts. Thus, Russia appears like the heir of the former USSR and that is why every meeting between a Russian and a western leader leads all western editorial offices to write about Human Rights in Russia, while meetings between European and American leaders are accompanied by commentaries of the unity of the “West”. At the same time, the American warmongering or their crimes are always minimized if compared with Russia’s. Thus, the reference journal of the French elites, Le Monde, in an unsigned article that compromises the entire writing staff, did not hesitate to affirm that: “The first war of the 21st century has been declared”. Thus, the wars of Afghanistan and Iraq seem to have been already forgotten. The approach given by the La Croix news daily to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, analyzed today in our section Deceitful Headlines, shows that the case of Le Monde is not an isolated one.
These analyses hide the fact that Russia is no longer a threat to Europe and that the latter, in the future, may have to revise its alliance with Moscow to the detriment of the United States, due to its energy dependence with respect to the Russian gas.
This announced strategic re-orientation is feared by Atlantist analysts, mainly in the countries that were former members of the Warsaw Pact. Polish political scientist Mariusz Przybylski shows his concern in Rzezpospolita about Europe’s increasing economic dependence on Russia, illustrated by the Kiev-Moscow conflict. Thus, he recommends that European leaders take Russia and Ukraine to the negotiating table so that the gas supply to Eastern Europe is not affected and then, in a second stage, to try to diversify its energy resources. The author tries hard to give an alternative.
Former Lithuanian president, Vytautas Landsbergis, harshly criticizes the Russian energy influence, simultaneously mentioning the traditional Atlantis denunciation of Vladimir Putin’s policies with clearly Russo-phobic phrases (Russia is the “homeland of the red terror”, or it is presented as the “Evil”). He condemns a conflict of interests in the new position of former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröeder, who is currently the president of the company in charge of building the gas pipeline that will take the Russian gas to Western Europe, but the author does not stop there. He believes that this gas pipeline is not a means to develop the gas supply to Western Europe to partially substitute the limited supplies of oil, but a means to avoid Eastern Europe and to leave it in the hands of Russia. Thus, he urges western countries to oppose Vladimir Putin’s policies, presented as imperialist.
This article was published in Free Republic (United States), in the Daily Times (Pakistan), in El Tiempo (Colombia) and of course in other media outlets thanks to the always efficient work of Project Syndicate, the articles broadcasting office of George Soros, a millionaire very active in supporting the “color revolutions” that took place in former Soviet republics. It is not a coincidence that Project Syndicate is currently spreading another article against Putin written by exiled oligarch Boris Berezovski. To our knowledge, it has thus far been published only by the Korea Herald (South Korea), but it will probably be echoed by other media outlets in the coming days or weeks.
Again, the author attacks Vladimir Putin, presenting himself as the victim of a conspiracy by an authoritarian regime, a position that western media outlets like, although his links with several mafia organizations have been showed long ago. Boris Berezovski affirms that the Kremlin’s struggle against oligarchs is not a re-appropriation by the Russian state of what used to be a generalized looting motive during the times of Yeltsin, but a state aggression against political opponents imbued with democratic ideals. Although he does not say it clearly, this conclusion clearly emerges by itself: the democrats of the whole world should support the oligarchs and, thus, Berezovski and his business against Vladimir Putin.
In the United States, amidst a wave of attacks, Russia finds support (or at least people who give nuances to the attacks against Russia) among Republicans opposed to the neo-conservatives.
Thus, in the website AntiWar.com, the candidate to the Republican presidential nomination in 1996 and later independent candidate in 2000, the ultra right winger Patrick J. Buchanan, turns back the accusation about a neo-Sovietization often launched against Vladimir Putin. He affirms that it is the current US administration that is acting according to the Soviet logics (supreme insult for this former advisor to Ronald Reagan). Thus, he compares the National Endowment for Democracy to the Komintern. He says that both organizations tend to impose changes of regimes abroad, the former on behalf of communism to expand the USSR and the latter to extend US dominance. When Vladimir Putin expels the agents of the neo-conservatives from Russia, he is fighting against a “neo-Komintern”; it is not a re-Sovietization of his country.
Oddly enough, Bill Clinton’s former Under Secretary of State, Democrat Graham Allison, also presents in the Boston Globe a relative approach of the attacks against Russia. Without openly questioning the image that western media portray of Vladimir Putin’s policies, he notes that Putin has managed to stabilize Russia and that, contrary to what then US Defense Secretary Dick Cheney predicted in 1991, there has not been any loss of Russian nuclear weapons in 14 years. In this article, John Kerry’s former advisor during his presidential campaign in 2004, Graham Allison, criticizes former democrat senator Sam Nunn who stigmatized the Russian nuclear threat.
Only a few supporters of Vladimir Putin can express their ideas in the western media, so, Russian political scientist Viatcheslav Nikonov is an exception of the rule in the European media field. In the Austrian journal Der Standard, he rejects some western conceptions. In his opinion, there is no opposition between a Russian democracy under Yeltsin’s mandate and a Putin’s autocracy, and he recalls that Putin did not order to shoot against the Duma like his predecessor, nor did he give the national resources to his friends, and that is why the Russian people support him. According to the analyst, this popularity should obstruct any chance of success for a “color revolution” in Moscow, although he does not exclude any attempt.
Voltaire Network
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14 January 2006
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Oil and Energy Ressources
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Authors and Sources of Op-Eds Decyphered
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“The Russian energy power”
Author
Bernard Guetta

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Bernard Guetta is a journalist specialised in international affairs on the French state radio network France Inter, and also with weekly L’Express.
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Source
France Inter (France)
Reference “La puissance énergétique russe”, by Bernard Guetta, France Inter, January 2, 2006.
Summary Like all energy producers, Russia sees an increase of its hard-currency incomes. Thanks to the rise in prices, it does not need money. It is not to make ends meet that Vladimir Putin suddenly demanded that Ukraine should accept the increase in the price of Russian gas from 50 to 230 dollars per every one thousand cubic meter. If he has decided to adjust the Ukrainian bill to the world prices; if he has set only a three-month deadline to find any solution; if he has rejected the idea of gradual increases and yesterday cut the supply after the Ukrainian denial, it was due to two main reasons:
_The first is to force Ukraine to submit. Russia wants to include this country in its orbit while last fall Kiev elected a president Viktor Yushchenko, who wants to bring his country closer to the West. Three months before parliamentary elections, which promised to be difficult for Viktor Yushchenko, whose team had divided, Vladimir Putin used the economic weapon. It is simple but Russia can not ignore that this move could, on the contrary, provoke a reaction of national support in favour of the president as an answer to this blackmail.
_Nonetheless, the game Vladimir Putin is playing did not last three months. The goal of Russia is showing the world that it has become an inevitable power thanks to its energy resources. The European Union depends on Moscow for the supply of one fourth of the gas it needs (whose pipelines run across Ukraine) and the Russian oil is indispensable for the world economy in times of an unstable situation in the Middle East. Currently, Europe and the United States have to put up with Moscow. As he cannot count on Brussels or on Washington, Viktor Yushchenko will have to sort things out with Moscow. Rather than submitting Ukraine, Russia’s goal is to show its power.

“Russia- Ukraine relations concern all Europe”
Author
Mariusz Przybylski
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Mariusz Przybylski is a Polish political scientist and journalist.
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Source
Rzezpospolita (Poland)
Reference “Rosja zakręca kurek”, by Mariusz Przybylski, Rzezpospolita, January 2, 2006.
Summary Russia has for a long time regarded its energy reserves as an instrument to reach its own strategic goals. Moscow is trying to regain its great power status but does not seem to understand that, with its methods, it completely contradicts itself as a trade partner.
The Moscow-Kiev controversy represents a warning to the E.U. Instead of strengthening our dependence on Russia, we must find an alternative energy policy. The gas war between Russia and Ukraine threatens to affect the rest of the European continent. By using gas as a means of pressure Vladimir Putin reaffirms himself as an unreliable trade partner not only to Ukraine but to the whole E.U. as well. However, Europe has depended for years on Russian gas and will therefore be the first one affected by any dispute which may arise in this regard. This is why Europe should put pressure on both Putin and Yushchenko so that they resume negotiations and prepare a plan that will put an end to the issue. Ukraine-Russia relations are not a bilateral issue but all Europe’s responsibility.

“Russia’s Pipeline to Empire”
Author
Vytautas Landsbergis
Source
Daily Times (Pakistan)
Reference “Russia’s pipeline to Empire”, by Vytautas Landsbergis, Free Republic, December 16, 2005.
“Russia’s pipeline to empire”, Daily Times, December 17, 2005.
“El gasoducto ruso, hacia el imperio”, El Tiempo, December 20, 2005
Summary Gerhard Schröder, who still was the German Chancellor a month ago, accepted to be president of a company in charge of building a gas pipeline connecting Russia with his country and Western Europe through the Baltic Sea. There is a conflict of interests though and this moral problem is intensified by the fact that right now Russia is threatening, through the state company Gazprom, to cut off the gas supply to Ukraine. Today, such a threat means cutting off the supply to Western Europe. With the new gas pipeline that would skirt Ukraine, Poland and the Baltic countries, the former KGB descendents close to Putin will not have to worry anymore about the West reaction and will be able to bring pressure to bear on their post-communist neighbours.
Can Europe give Russia such an imperialist weapon? Can Europe accept to knuckle under to Russian pressures? The fact that an ex-chancellor is involved in that project shows the arrogance of Europe in the face of Putin’s neo-imperialist ambitions. When Europe shall depend on Russian energy, the Kremlin won’t have to worry any longer about any criticisms concerning human rights and democracy, and it already enjoys this condition. Europe hoped that Russia would grow more and more “European” but what Putin did, however, was to build an energy bastion to protect the new KGB elite. After having imposed his will on the Russians, Putin will do the same to the citizens of independent nations. As former president of independent Lithuania, I have often faced the Russian threats.
The Kremlin is quite strong and feigns a democratic idealism, but you should see how it treats the Chechens or Mihail Jordorkovsky, or how it harasses the foreign NGO’s or accuses Yuliya Tymoshenko. Russia cannot be considered to be a part of a common human rights and democracy space with E.U. Russia is no longer a reliable ally against terror. Can the land of “Red Terror”, of the innumerable crimes committed with impunity during the soviet era, and of the still stained hands with the blood of people from Lithuania to the Caucasus, be believed to really help fight the world menace embodied by Iran and North Korea?
For decades, the European region from where I come from was entirely left to Evil. This is a reason why I can’t remain silent at a moment when Europe is groping around in a new accommodating policy.

“In Defense of Russia’s Oligarch Wars”
Author
Boris Berezovski

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Boris Berezovski is one among thirteen Russian oligarchs who became rich during Yeltsin’s privatizations. He is alleged to be linked to Russian mafia groups and took part in boycotting the peace negotiations in Chechnya. He now lives in Great Britain where he got political asylum in 2003.
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Source
Korea Herald (South Korea)
Reference “In defense of Russia’s oligarch wars”, by Boris Berezovski, Korea Herald, January 3, 2005.
Summary I can’t be emotionally neutral when approaching Vladimir Putin’s war on Russian “oligarchs” since I am often rated as one. Nevertheless, I have the advantage of knowing that policy from inside. As a victim of that “war” I can speak of it in the right terms and I know the repressive power of the government service when it preys upon someone. This would have been unlikely to happen in a Western democracy. It’s inconceivable that France, for instance, gives all of its services (police, law, bureaucracy) the mission to chase an individual. But this is perfectly conceivable to happen in Russia.
Moscow requests my extradition to present me as a criminal by far. Putin’s “war” is not aimed at one special class or doubtfully acquired fortunes, but at people who want a liberal, free and democratic Russia. That benefits the President’s closest ones who want to get rich at any cost. The attacked “oligarchs” are those who better understood the opportunities of the Russian economy and then committed themselves politically, though not all of them fervently as shown by the apologies made by Mihail Khodorkovsky to please the Kremlin.
If Putin wins this war, it will be a pyrrhic victory against the nation’s own richness.

“Putin against the New Comintern”
Author
Patrick J. Buchanan

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Patrick J. Buchanan a été assistant des présidents Nixon, Ford et Reagan. Il a brigué plusieurs fois l’investiture républicaine pour l’élection à la présidentielle avant de se présenter indépendamment des deux grands partis états-uniens en 2000. Il dirige le magazine The American Conservative.
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Antiwar.com (United States)
Reference “Putin vs. the Neo-Comintern”, by Patrick J. Buchanan, AntiWar.com, November 30, 2005.
Summary The Comintern or Communist International was created in 1919 by Lenin and its purpose was to use all possible means to found an international Soviet Republic. In 1935, Stalin amended that doctrine to allow the creation of the People’s Fronts against Fascism in Europe, then a USSR top priority. Due to that change in doctrine, Trotsky branded Stalin as a “reformist”, which cost Trotsky his life by a Stalinist in 1940.
But Trotskyism did not die with Leon Trotsky. It changed. Now it does not try to carry out a permanent revolution in favor of international communism but of the global democracy. This is the program wielded by the neo-cons of the Bush administration and of the party of Ronald Reagan. They have used the taxpayers’ money to create a new Comintern: the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). For 20 years it was directed by Carl Gershman – a Socialist Party member before becoming an active member of the democrat party and an advocate of senator Henry “Scoop” Jackson whose team was composed of as follows: Richard Perle, Frank Gaffney, Elliott Abrams. The neo-cons also took possession of the Freedom House (FH) whose former president James Woolsey declared Russia “not free” and encourages the war on “Islamo-fascism”
NED, Freedom House and other think tanks are used to regularly interfering with the internal affairs of the states. By publicly announcing their fight for democracy, neo-cons actually charge at all those regimes that don’t suit their standards. Regardless of what one may think of Hugo Chavez, it can’t be denied that he has always been elected democratically. When neo-cons dislike a regime, they arrange the way to overthrow it as happened with the orange revolution in Ukraine. In order to avoid such a maneuver in Russia, Vladimir Putin gets ready to expel from his country all those who organize such actions.
Why doesn’t the US mind its own business?

“14 years after evil empire: a stable Russia”
Author
Graham Allison

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Former director of the Kennedy School of Government of the University of Harvard, Graham Allison was an assistant for Russian and former USSR republics affairs of the Defense Secretary during Bill Clinton’s first mandate. He was one of John Kerry’s advisors during the last US presidential campaign.
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Source
The Boston Globe (United States)
Reference “14 years after evil empire, a stable Russia”, by Graham Allison, Boston Globe, December 26, 2005.
Summary January 4 marked the 14th anniversary of the collapse of the USSR. Mikhail Gorbatchev resigned from the presidency and Boris Yeltsin became the first president of independent Russia. It was the end of what Ronald Reagan had named “the Evil Empire”. Thus, Russia and 14 independent states emerged.
Who could have thought that the Evil Empire would disappear with no war, that communism would collapse without a revolution? Who could have thought that the end of the bipolar world would come so peacefully and that a totalitarian dictatorship would transform into a society in “normal” transition such as Brazil, Venezuela, Indonesia or Nigeria? Who could have thought that after the then former Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney’s statements in 1991, no nuclear weapon of the ex-USSR would fall into the wrong hands? Who ever thought the Russian government was going to be rich and that Russia was going to have an average economic growth of 7% after the financial crisis of 1998? Who ever thought that the Russian president would chair the G8 since year 2006?
Russia is still a kaleidoscope of contradictions and the Americans still see it as a rather empty glass. Vladimir Putin’s attacks against NGOs are not reassuring, but compared with our greatest fears, who would have thought Russia would be what it is today?

“Is an orange revolution really necessary to establish democracy?”
Author
Vjatcheslav Nikonow
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Coming from an extremely old political Russian family, Vjatcheslav Nikonow is one of the main «conservative» political scientists of Russia and president of Politika foundation of Moscow.
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Source
Der Standard (Austria)
Reference «Braucht est wirklich eine Orangenrevolution ?», by Viatcheslav Nikonow, Der Standard, January 2, 2006.
Summary Liberal groups abroad and in Russia consider Putin’s way of ruling authoritarian and inefficient. Taking into account that regimes, which liberals don’t like and which are ruled by a strong personality are usually labelled as fragile, the logical consequence would then be a sort of a «color revolution» as in Georgia, Ukraine or Kirghizstan. Of course, nothing is impossible in nowadays Russia, but in my opinion those who believe in an imminent «street revolution» are living a dream.
With regard to effectiveness, there’s no method to assess it, in the case of a government. For instance, the United States, which can not be taken as a weak government, proved how effective it could be in Iraq, during the hurricanes or in the CIA and torture matters. If compared with the policy in Chechnya, this is a total success.
The current government is much more effective than Yeltsin’s during the 90s. Then, most of the country was no longer ruled, the national production capacity had dropped in more than half, and the Kremlin did not succeed in passing a single legislation in the Duma, which was controlled by the communists. Not many liberals talked about the collapse of the country then, though. .
Of course, today’s Russia can hardly be described as a democratic model and some things are worrisome. However, it’s ridiculous to believe that we have evolved from a Yeltsin-style «democracy» to a Putinian «autocracy». Today, it’s very difficult to think of tanks shooting against an elected parliament or to think of the national wealth being privatized to benefit the family or business friends of the president, or to think of the policy of the country being passed on those friends.
The situation in Russia is quite different from the one in Ukraine before the « orange revolution». There’s no Viktor Yushchenko leading the Russian opposition or a weak and hated-by-the-public-opinion Kuchma in the presidency. With a popularity level of about 70%, nobody can say Vladimir Putin is not legitimated –or, now that we talk about this, that he will not resist the pressure of the streets.
Besides, Liberals don’t mobilize the streets in Russia, but communists and nationalists. Their red and brown revolution would actually be in colors, but less pink than in the dreams of liberals. They must adapt themselves to this simple idea: Russia already had its orange revolution in 1991 and the results were not conclusive. As in Ukraine, by the way. Yushchenko’s government political crises show that colored revolutionaries also have efficiency and democracy-related problems.
Actually, for its Western critics, the Putin government’s main problem is that the friends of his adversaries and political thinkers have lost their places in the political game. This can happen to anybody in politics and such a fact does not justify a revolution –whose occurrence is not a casual event. Despite all these, I have no doubts that in year 2008, in the next presidential elections, there will be an attempt to overthrow the Russian government by another means, which will not be elections.

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