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Opinion-editorials decyphered - 1 February 2006
The two bodies of the Israeli Prime Minister
Decyphering
In his famous work The King’s two bodies, German historian Ernst kantorowicz studied the consecration of the royal figure of the Middle Age and of Modern Times in Europe. He studied how the myth of the double Royal nature had been created: on the first hand, the individual with his own gifts and shortcomings (the King) and on the second hand the incarnation of a function well above the person who would incarnated that function (the King). By means of complicated rituals, especially during burials and coronations, the staging of such royal power legitimization allows European monarchs to strengthen their power by getting on them qualities and virtues which would naturally come from a divine power.
Although we are not living in the Middle Age any longer, the practice of political legitimization are quite resistant and may adapt to different times. The coming to power by Ehud Olmert as the successor of an agonizing Ariel Sharon, in a dynasty-transmitting environment- Ehud Olmert has even been frequently described as “prince”, something rare to democracy- constitutes a good example.
Following hagiographies describing Ariel Sharon as “centrist” and “pragmatic”, who offered an “opportunity” to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict-, the western press mainstream, has focused the personality of Sharon’s appointed successor, Israel’s Interim Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. Such media presentation of the dolphin adopts many mechanisms mentioned by Kantorowicz.
That way the successor of Sharon has his own virtues and shortcomings, but he has also inherited qualities apparently inherent to the first Israeli prime ministers, according to consensual media. It seems like given for granted that, according to the media vision, the Israeli PM always wants peace but he must the absence of interlocutors for the Arab party. The PM is a brave man whose major concern is the defence and wellbeing of the Israeli population, but not territorial control. The PM is pragmatic and that quality makes him oppose extremists, but also the pigeons that spark signs of an angel-like nature. The PM incarnates the heart of Israel’s political life.
These qualities, which featured Ariel Sharon in his time, are now attributed to Ehud Olmert.
Those are the qualities that lead the editorialist of the Jerusalem Post, Larry Derfner to support Ehud Olmert. The Israeli journalist resorts to a rhetoric and delicate kind of practice, done in a pretty good way: assuming all shortcomings of the person he supports in order to better minimize them and highlight virtues, which are of course more important. That way, Ehud Olmert is being introduced as a pretentious, contemptuous and probably dishonest individual, as corrupt as Ariel Sharon, but at the same time as a pragmatic man concerned about the security of the Israeli people, who opposed fanatic Netanyahu and inept Peretz. In all, a sad man who has the qualities necessary to rule the country and the right man to occupy the post of Prime Minister.
Israeli General in the reserve, Danny Rothschild, also former chief military intelligence and occupied territories, also welcomes the commanding qualities of the Interim PM in an interview granted to the centre-left French Weekly Le Nouvel Observateur in which he asserts that Ehud Olmert will give continuity to Ariel Sharon’s policy and he even will improve his predecessor since he quite more committed to the withdrawal policy. The author affirms that he will drag the Palestinian to that policy, but if it is not possible, he will go on with the withdrawal from the territories in an unilateral way. Finally, as the existence of an “interlocutor of peace” is not yet a fact, the unilateral withdrawal will go on; that is to say, the outlining by Israel itself of its own borders.
In a chronicle of the Washington Post, published by Beirut’s Daily Star, US analyst and novelist David Ignatius appears confident of the capacity of Ehud Olmert to rule Israel and keep on with Ariel Sharon’s policy. He predicts the continuation of the annexation wall and an association with the Bush administration to undertake Israel’s withdrawal from Jordanian zones located beyond the wall. He revitalizes the “shortcomings” of the new PM given his lack of military experience and lack of knowledge as to how rule the country.
We will notice that with the virtues of a “good ruler”, the figure of Ehud Olmert has got over that of Ariel Sharon, whose health condition is now being followed with less attention than before.
The Arab press, as expected, presents another image of Sharon’s right hand man.
In the Arabic language Lebanese daily Annahar, Lebanese journalist Rendah Haidar recalls the history of the person she introduces as an opportunistic. Taking strong sides with the right and having joined numerous contradictory groups, Ehud Olmert later joined Sharon of whom he became his right hand man and his obstacle. Without making any prior judgement on the capabilities of the Interim PM, the author asserts that it will be difficult for a politician without historic legitimacy to preserve unity among heterogeneous personalities either from the Labour party of from the Likud.
But beyond the virtues and shortcomings of Ehud Olmert, mass media outlets wonder about the strategy of the future winner appointed to contest the March 28, 2006 Israeli elections, and while the majority predicts the continuation of the policy undertaken by Ariel Sharon, some expect to see a change in Israel’s power and its return to the bargaining table with the Palestinian.
In that direction, the general director of Al Quds Educational Television in Ramallah and of AmmanNet, Daoud Kuttab, published an opened letter addressed to Ehud Olmert and which widely spread by Project Syndicate and published as well by the Jerusalem Post (Israel), El Tiempo (Colombia), the Korea Herald (South Korea), the Daily Star (Lebanon),La Libre Belgique (Belgium) and of course by other media outlets. In the letter, written with great modesty or with a great sense of self-denigration, the author, traditional Arab camouflage of editorial pages in the Jerusalem Post, praises the big advancements contributed by Ehud Olmert to Israeli policy and he supports his view on the Palestinian changes, “in a small scale” in claiming the resumption of bilateral negotiations. So, he affirms that only the resumption of negotiations and the improvement of the Palestinian living conditions will allow for a cease of violence.
Israeli analyst Ze’ev Schiff says in the Haaretz that there are three possibilities for the evolution of Israel’s policy: 1) Israel keeps on with its “defensive war” against Palestinian terrorism, limiting itself to withdrawing illegal control stations and stopping the expansion of settlements. 2) Israel tries to reach a final-status agreement with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, but the journalist disregards it since he does not trust the Palestinian. 3) Israel sets its borders by itself and continue with unilateral withdrawals, the most probable possibility according to the journalist.
For Lebanese writer and analyst Hazem Saria that will be the policy to be followed by Ehud Olmert. In Yemen’s pro-government daily 26 sep, he says that Ehud Olmert’s strategy will focus on the continuation of Sharon’s policy. He shares the opinion that Olmert and Sharon are to right-wing men who have travelled from “ideological Zionism” to “operative Zionism”; that is to say they have adopted the “realistic” implementation of the objectives for territorial annexation. Ehud Olmert, who has been presented as a centrist man, whose wife takes sides with the “left” and who is expected to give a great contribution, must not be underestimated. Nothing new is expected to come out of the Israeli strategy.
This analysis has been confirmed by the discourse of highly nationalist Tzipi Livni, Israel’s new Interim Minister of Foreign Affairs and member of the Kadima “centrist” Party. In an interview granted to the French daily Le Monde, she announced her creed in terms of foreign policy. By developing a multiculturalist approach of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the minister asserts that that the Palestinian and the Israeli are too different to understand and reach negotiations with each other, and that the Palestinian mentality is too hostile to establish a discussion. She predicts that several generations will be necessary to come before the Arab mentality makes a change. Such statements confirm that for the Israeli Foreign Minister the whole process aimed at setting up a Palestinian state will be a decision to be taken by Israel. During the construction of the Israeli wall in Jordan, Ms. Livni strongly stated that the wall outlined the future Israeli frontiers.
However, the author thinks the advancement must take fast steps since, she says, globalization erodes national identities and makes the Israeli project more difficult to understand by the rest of the world. She indirectly refers to persons who, like British historian Tony Judt,
describe Zionism as an obsolete ideology, the last stage of nationalist movements born in the late 19th century. Along the increasing distance between the Palestinian and Israeli mentalities and huge world opinion trends, the Israeli minister also fears that Jewish Israeli people become a demographic minority in the country’s territory. Therefore, she directly reveals the reason of the strategic rupture between Kadima and the Likud, a strategy that outlines the future policy of Ehud Olmert.
Voltaire Network
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1 February 2006
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Authors and Sources of Op-Eds Decyphered
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“The transformation of Ehud Olmert”
Author
Larry Derfner
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Larry Derfner is analyst of domestic policy and editorialist of the Jerusalem Post.
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Source
Jerusalem Post (Israel)
Reference “The transformation of Ehud Olmert, by Larry Derfner, Jerusalem Post, January 19, 2006.
Summary Although his personality does not reflect much, Ehud Olmert is not the kind of person that I appreciate: he behaves as if he were a divine gift for Israel. I remember his aristocratic style during his visit to an old synagogue that was attacked when he was mayor of Jerusalem. It was before the Intifadah and I could not stand Olmert either as a mayor or as a Minister of Benjamin Netanyahu.
However, politicians cannot be judged because of their personalities since all of them are imbued with themselves, and regarding Olmert’s fascination about money, it should not be worse than Ariel Sharon. Actually, a politician should be judged according to what he has recently done, his capacity to rule and his political direction. As for these aspects, I believe that Ehud Olmert is today the most capable person to become Minister. As a mayor of Jerusalem, he did a good job with the Intifadah. As the main support of Ariel Sharon, he was the first to give impetus to the withdrawal from Gaza. He backed this plan because of pragmatism, since he was able to understand that if Israel did not reduce its borders, the world would force it to do it. Another positive aspect: his worst enemy is Netanyahu.
Since Amir Peretz is unable to effectively fight against Hamas, I think he is the most appropriate person. I wish the economic program of the Labour Party be implemented but I would vote for Kadima. I would not buy a second-hand car to Ehud Olmert but I trust him as Prime Minister.

“Olmert in Sharon’s shoes”
Author
Danny Rothschild
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Reserve General Danny Rothschild was head of military intelligence and former military administrator of the occupied territories. He is President of the Council for Peace and Security, an association of former senior Israeli officers who advocate for a negotiated solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Source
Nouvel Observateur (France)
Reference “Olmert dans les bottes de Sharon”, by Danny Rothschild, Nouvel Observateur, January 12, 2006. Text adapted from an interview.
Summary The absence of Ariel Sharon will not have any impact on the military and security services because no changes will be made in the headquarters. Ehud Olmert does not have a direct military experience, but he does have a great experience in security matters. He is far from being a beginner and will exert his influence as a head of government. But my experience tells me that every important decision is thought, weighed and discussed. The Prime Minister dos not need to know how to conduct an attack.
I believe that Olmert will follow the withdrawal policy of Ariel Sharon because he is one of the main supporters of such a policy. Even he was the first to talk about the need for withdrawal. I think that, more than Sharon, Olmert will try to associate the Palestinians to future withdrawals. One of his first decisions was to persecute the settlers who cut thousands of olive groves in the Palestinian fields. He has just authorized the principle of voting for the residents in eastern-Jerusalem in the Palestinian elections, which is a sign. Olmert does not consider the unilateral withdrawal as a first option, but if no interlocutor is found he will remain alone, under the condition of taking power, which means, being elected by a majority large enough to be able to act upon.
The priority issues are the fight against anarchy in the Palestinian territories and against terrorism. It is obvious that some Palestinian groups, within his own electoral campaign, would like to show that he has continued Sharon’s work, but differently. Israel will judge him for his reaction. Therefore, it is necessary for him to show his determination while preserving the future.

“Can the “Prince” lead Israel?”
Author
David Ignatius

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Novelist and editorialist, David Ignatius is an international affairs analyst with the Washington Post.
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Sources
Daily Star (Lebanon), Washington Post (United States)
Reference “Can the “Prince” lead Israel ?”, by David Ignatius, Washington Post, January 11, 2006.
“Ehud Olmert is an unlikely, and an unliked, trailblazer”, Daily Star, January 12, 2006.
Summary Ehud Olmert has the reputation of being the prince of Israel’s policy, a privileged son of an important family who lacks the military experience of the generations that founded Israel. This irritates the Israelis a great deal, but regarding issues like the withdrawal from Gaza last year, the First Deputy Minister showed a well-defined strategic vision and political trends that exceed those of his boss, Ariel Sharon.
The leader qualities of Olmert constitute a crucial element in the ongoing transition policy that was implemented after the Israeli Prime Minister had a brain stroke. Like Sharon, Olmert, who is inheriting the control of the new centrist party Kadima, is the favourite to become the next Prime Minister. He will have to convince the country that he will not carry out a more flexible policy and he is strong enough to protect Israel. Olmert was in the forefront when, several years ago, he suggested the unilateral withdrawal from Gaza and the West Bank. At that moment, the Israelis were stuck in the peace process, in a wave of suicidal attacks and growing despair regarding the political future of the country. Olmert was one of first ones, in an interview to Ha’aretz, in stressing the fact that very soon the Jewish will be, from the demographic point of view, fewer than the Palestinians and Israel would lose its sole.
Disturbed by the perspective of the disappearance of the Israeli patriarch, some commentators felt that Olmert will not be able to continue with Kadima. What upsets the Israelis is that Sharon abandons politics, because without him, the heroic age of the great leaders is left behind. No politician will have Sharon’s credibility as a brave military leader. Olmert must prove his skills in this field.
If Olmert succeeds Sharon, he will obviously continue with the construction of the Israeli defence wall and adopt the “route map”. In order to prove that he is tough with the Palestinians, Olmert could ally with the former leader of Shin Beth, Avi Ditcher, and other hawks of security, and obviously, the most important thing will be to resume talks with the Bush administration in order to reactivate a new unilateral withdrawal from the West Bank, which will be conducted with or without the existence of a Palestinian government.

“Ehud Olmert, the opportunist”
Author
Rendah Haidar
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Rendah Haidar is a Lebanese journalist for the newspaper Annahar. She is also a specialized researcher on Israeli matters.
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Source
Annahar (Lebanon)
Reference “إيهود أولمرت المتقلّب”, by Rendah Haidar, Annahar, January 9, 2006.
Summary The final surprise of the politically successful” career of Ariel Sharon is the debut of Ehud Olmert. Suddenly, the latter has become the President of the Israeli government and he is likely to quite soon become the leader of the Kadima party as well.
The political history of Olmert, who grew up in the arms of the Israeli right wing, has shown that this man does not hide his extremist trends. On the other hand, during the 70s, he strongly rejected the proposal to return some occupied territories to the Palestinians. In his opinion, the right to occupation, practiced by the Hebrew State, is undeniable. Similarly, he rejected the political solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, thus showing his hatred towards the Arab people. As the mayor of Jerusalem, Ehud tried to marginalize the Arabian part of the city, by creating an infrastructure with “Zionist” characteristics.
The man is famous because of his contradictory political alliances. He established different alliances with various Israeli political figures, before betting for Sharon. The two of them have shown, during the last few years that they share the same vision. This was confirmed when a common agreement on the unilateral withdrawal from Gaza was signed. Sharon used several times his friend Olmert to find out the reactions from other political parties. This was the case before the vote for the project “route map” by the Israeli government. Ehud was one of the first to join Sharon in his new party, thus showing his absolute loyalty. According to some experts, his economic and social vision does not differ much from that of Benjamín Netanyahu. As for his political convictions, they are very close to those of Amir Peretz, the leader of the Labour Party.
Up to what extend will Olmert be able to reunite around him opposite personalities that make up the new “Kadima” party? Does he really have Sharon’s charisma which would enable him to again convince the Israelis that kept Sharon’s political direction? Olmert will need miracles to lead his country during this period so sensitive in the history of the region.

“An open letter to Ehud Olmert”
Author
Daoud Kuttab
Sources
Jerusalem Post (Israel), Daily Star (Lebanon), La libre Belgique (Belgium), Korea Herald (South Korea)
Reference “An open letter to Ehud Olmert”, by Daoud Kuttab, Jerusalem Post, January 11, 2006.
“Carta abierta a Ehud Olmert”, El Tiempo, January 13, 2006.
“Dear Ehud Olmert”, Korea Herald, January 13, 2006.
“A Palestinian’s letter to Ehud Olmert”, Daily Star, January 16, 2006.
“Lettre ouverte à Ehud Olmert”, La Libre Belgique, January 18, 2006.
Summary Dear Mr. Olmert,
I am writing with the hope that you would take some time of your busy agenda as acting Prime Minister of Israel to listen to the hopes of a Palestinian. Despite the conditions you have faced to assume power as Prime Minister, I believe that you have the opportunity to participate in a historical reconciliation. I am sure that you will follow the policy of Ariel Sharon but you have the cards that lacked of. You do not have his negative image in the Arab world and you are aware of the situation of the Palestinians since you were the mayor of Jerusalem for 10 years. Like Sharon, you went against your own ideology and faced the settlers. You left Likud to get rid of the interference of the extreme right wing with the Central Committee.
In a much lower scale, significant changes have also taken place in Palestine. Although I consider that the main issue of the conflict is the occupation, I welcome the option of the pacification undertaken by the Palestinian authorities and the decision of Hamas to participate in the political game.
I ask you to give more priority to face-to-face negotiations than to unilateral actions. Direct talks should result in the immediate cease of violence from both sides and focus on a permanent solution to our conflict. Contrary to the withdrawal from Gaza, violence will only cease as a result of a bilateral negotiation, and in order for the ceasefire to survive, it would be necessary to have frank and serious talks about the future of Israel. The living conditions of the Palestinians will also have to be improved.
I truly wish you success as acting Prime Minister and acting leader of Kadima, but whatever you do during the months to come in order to win the forthcoming legislative elections, remember, I beg you, that the Israeli support of Kadima precisely stems from the fact that this movement adopted a moderate centrist stance.

“Olmert’s strategic options”
Author
Ze’ev Schiff
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Ze’ev Schiff is journalist for Haaretz, specialized in military and security matters.
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Source
Ha’aretz (Israel)
Reference “Olmert’s strategic options”, by Ze’ev Schiff, Haaretz, January 13, 2006.
Summary The next Israeli Prime Minister is, apparently, leading Kadima. The main issue is to know whether Olmert will follow the steps of Ariel Sharon or whether he will adopt an independent stance. It is likely that Olmert claims he has the intention of following Sharon’s plans after the elections, but in real terms, Sharon never revealed his political cards and the stance presented to the Committee of Israeli Editors, on October 29, 2005, only opened options.
Olmert’s vision of the world, as well as that of a number of right wing politicians, changed during the past few years. In this way, he supported the unilateral withdrawal from Gaza Strip, which was conducted by Sharon. Olmert hopes to be tough and is not willing to trust them. If we go by his statements in the past two years, it seems that he had concluded that Israel will not be able to continue being a Jewish and democratic nation if it does not change its stance. There is no doubt that he is drawn by the concern about the low Israeli demographic rate compared to the number of Palestinians. Therefore, on his own, he champions the idea of limiting the State of Israel to the territories where he can count on a majority of Jewish citizens.
Olmert fears that Palestinian terrorism goes on even if Israel suggests a painful agreement, either an intentional one because they are unable to keep their promises aimed at putting an end to violence. That was what happened to the Palestinians in Lebanon and Jordan where they triggered civil wars. Sharon thought he could totally stop terrorism by force. This did not happen. That makes Olmert to think that it is necessary to continue with major unilateral withdrawals, as in Gaza.
After the elections, the government he will lead, will face various problems that will require different strategies. The first possibility is that the Palestinians continue with their terrorism. The Israeli government would expect the Palestinians to respect the route map, and during this period it would react by force. Washington would see this as a defensive war, but would request Olmert to keep Sharon’s promise to dismantle the illegal checkpoints and stop the expansion of the colonies. This demand would be compliant with part of the route map and with the promise given in writing by Sharon to President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
Another strategic option, which is more difficult to be implemented, is therefore less likely to be achieved, would be to get to a final status. It would seem doubtful that the PLO would be able to achieve this on its own. Besides, there is no doubt that Hamas, is getting stronger with the elections. Without a real support from the main Arab countries, negotiations might become swamped, as it happened to Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat in Camp David.
The third strategy is that Israel would try establish its temporary borders on its own, as per the route map, in front of the Palestinian entity, which will become later a state. Israel cannot accomplish this without other unilateral withdrawals, or just through the separation wall. This implies a withdrawal of the isolated colonies and illegal military outposts. Later, a withdrawal of the Jewish from East Jerusalem would be necessary, which would seem inconceivable for a man of Likud like Olmert. This time, he will have the historical opportunity to consolidate the State of Israel: maintaining democratic and Jewish independence of the state, and ensuring its security.

“Talking about Ehud Olmert… ”
Author
Hazem Saria
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Hazem Saria, Lebanese thinker, writer, and political analyst lives in London and collaborates with several journals, in particular Lebanse journal Alhayat.
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Source
26 sep (Yemen)
Reference “عن إيهود أولمرت...”, by Hazem Saria, 26 Sep, January 10, 2006.
Summary Ehud Olmert is not a new figure in the international political scenario. He has always been the guy who hides behind the leader. He is the example that shows the transition of Israel’s “ideological Zionism” to a “Zionism” which is much more conscious of the use of force and negotiation elements. These are the two characteristics that allow us to describe Olmert as “opportunistic” too. However, even when the noticed change reflects the difficult situation the Likud is facing nowadays, it does not mean that Olmert’s desired solutions, after Sharon, are fair and balanced. This is the difference between a committed-to-a-“noble”-strategic-goal “ideological Zionism” and an “operative Zionism” which has taken control of as much ground as possible and has ignored what is not related to the balance of forces.
Thus, that “operative Zionism” avoids targeting those inaccessible goals due to regional and international circumstances, although its appetite is not eliminated. For writer Mark Heler, “Sharonism” and “Olmertism” have nothing to do with the “peace process” advocated by the left or the “Great Israel” of the right.
Since the 1980s, Olmert became one of the new “princes of the Likud” which formed the second group in command after Yithzak Shamir and Moshe Arinz. Ehud has extremely exploited the media to reflect Israel’s positions and face the local left and western public opinion at the time that he kept collecting contributions for his party.
He could leave “ideological Zionism” behind apparently thanks to his “left-wing” wife. Nonetheless, the difference between both tendencies is above all due to the Sharon-Netanyahu conflict.

“The longer the conflict with the Palestinians, the lesser the time for Israel”
Author
Tzipi Livniс

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Ex member of Likud and founder of Kadima, Tzipi Livni is the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Israel’s interim government. A descendant of historical leaders of the Irgun, the ultranationalist Jewish militia, Mrs. Livni is a lawyer and she has worked for the Mossad. Since 2001 and before being the person in charge of Israel’s diplomacy, Livni was Minister of Regional Cooperation, Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Immigration and Minister of Justice.
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Source
Le Monde (France)
Reference “Plus le conflit avec les Palestiniens dure, plus le temps joue contre Israël”, by Tzipi Livni, Le Monde, January 14, 2006. Text adapted from an interview.
Summary Kadima is at the centre of the Israeli consensus. Israel is a national home for the Jewish people and it must be democratic. This combination should lead us to give up a part of the Eretz Israel and accept the existence of two nation-states. The Likud has known this for a long time but it refuses to admit it in its discourse. The Likud was a victim of historical slogans. But, just as Israel put an end to the modern Jewish problem, the Palestinian state must find a definitive answer to the Palestinian problem with regard to refugees and the territorial issue. To keep demanding the return of the refugees is unacceptable. The process that will lead to the creation of the Palestinian state must guarantee Israel’s security.
We must go back to the “route plan”, but this plan states duties the Palestinians must undertake, such as ending acts of violence. The Palestinian Authority does not fight terrorism. I regret seeing an international community showing indulgence with regard to the participation of Hamas in the Palestinian elections. Its results and those of Abu Mazen will be crucial for our policy. At the present time, we don’t believe Abu Mazen can solve the situation, beginning with terrorism, although this may change. Situations can change quickly, but minds can’t. The Palestinians have a different way of living and their children constantly see on TV how Israel is denigrated and how armed bands are highlighted. It will take many generations to change their way of seeing things. In an ideal way, we’d like to put an end to unilateralism. However, we must be realistic. Up to now, the gap between us is so large that if we want progress we must act alone.
Globalization has an impact on the peace process too for it gives rise to the problem of balance between national values and those it creates. We’re witnessing a process of an increasing counter-legitimization of Israel and some wonder if the creation of a bi-national state in Israel is not necessary. Globalization brings about strong pressures contrary to the nation-state as well as national self-preservation movements. In view of this, I have concluded that at the international level, the longer the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is, the less time will be on our side. On the one hand, waiting for the moment in which the Palestinians recognize us as a Jewish state is necessary but, on the other hand, time is against us.

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