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Opinion-editorials decyphered - 10 March 2006
Darfur: Simplification and Moralization of the Conflict
Decyphering
The Darfur conflict is particularly complex and it entails a large number of possibilities to have into consideration. First of all, violence has a local origin and it is linked to traditional confrontation between pastoral tribes and sedentary agriculture groups. Such conflicts have marked the history of Darfur; however, for the past 20 years the region has witnessed a significant demographic explosion (from 3 to 6 million inhabitants), which makes the struggle for the control of resources even stronger. A bloody war had already affected the region by the end of the 1980’s, which never reached real expansion. The local dimension of the conflict now adds national problems. In view of that reality Darfur has seen the consequences of power games between factions in Sudan, a country that has never known peace since its independence in 1956. The war unleashed by the Jartum regime against the rebels of the People’s Liberation Army of Sudan, in the south, has had frequent repercussion on Darfur, since the movement led by late John Garang had supported the rebel movements in Darfur against government forces and their militias. The Darfur crisis also has a regional dimension, since Libia and Chad intervened in the conflict (Chad’s President Idriss Deby used this region to launch his offensive to take power in N’Djamena back in 1990, by imitating his predecessor Hissen Habré, who had done the same before).
Finally, lets recall that Sudan has not stopped developing oil production over the past few years. China has a strong presence there with tens of thousands of Chinese workers. Chevron is equally present in the south, as well as TotalFina-Elf is. The local oil production can still be considered as medium if compared to large oil fields, but the Sudanese have the advantage of having their fields little exploited and they could continue to be oil suppliers for the next fifteen years.
The extremely complex situation in Darfur is being ignored by analysts and by the commentaries published on the western mainstream media, particularly in the United States. US media analysts deal with the Darfur issue only as an ethnic conflict, or more precisely as the “genocide” of “Africans” at the hands of the “Arabs”. If it is a fact that the conflict leads to massacres that cruelly affect sedentary populations, it is false to suggest that confrontation is based on such ethnic or “racial” reasons and that such a division is the cause of the conflict. In effect, nomadic and sedentary populations are all made up of black people with Arabic characteristics (since more or less a long time now) after they largely mixed. However, such a population distinction allows for a rhetoric that better mobilizes western public opinion and helps hide oil-oriented interests in Sudan behind emotion and fear.
The United States has occupied the chair of the UN Security Council since early February and precisely since the very beginning of the Darfur issue, which had disappeared from the front pages of newspapers for some time, but it now comes back making headlines. US responsible ones for the issue have multiplied statements calling for a massive military intervention. Last February 3, Undersecretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer told reporters that the United States expected to take advantage of its chairing the UN Security Council to “try to strengthen the role of the African Unity in Darfur”. Later, with the support of Kofi Annan, the United States called for a deployment of NATO troops; that is to say, the implementation of an old US desire.
Such official statements are backed by press forums with the participation of democrats or people from organizations closed to George Soros, and who urge the United States to take action in the conflict as they launch a rhetoric very similar to that used in the past to justify the bombing of Serbia as a reaction to problems in Kosovo.
The leader of the democrat minority at the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, senator Joseph R. Biden Jr for Delaware, does not make a mystery out of the issue. In the Baltimore Sun and in the Gulf News, he calls for a NATO operation led by the United States similar to the operations carried out in Bosnia and in Kosovo. In retaking the rhetoric of the duty to intervention or its most recent version, the “protection responsibility”, he assures that Jartum has lost sovereignty after attacking the population. From that point, the fate of the Darfur population depends on the responsibility of civilized nations in collective, whose incarnation would be NATO.
The authors of a report on Darfur, submitted by the Physician for Human Rights NGO, John Heffernan and David Tuller, also call for an international mobilization in the San Francisco Chronicles. For these authors, there is no doubt that the Jartum regime in the only one held accountable. Let’s recall that Heffernan is also a member of the Democratic Party (he was the president of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs in Guyana) and he led the Coalition for International Justice in Washington. This organization played a major role in the issues regarding former Yugoslavia, and it was founded by George Soros.
A person of usual reference in the US press as to the Darfur issue is democrat John Prendergast, also member of the International Crisis Group, managed by George Soros. Prendergast denounces the US attitude towards Darfur in the Los Angeles Times joined by actor Don Cheadle as co-author. Both criticize the CIA indulgence in respect to Salah Abdallah Gosh, Chief of the Sudanese Secrete Services. Gosh is presented as a former partner of Osama bin Laden and as responsible for the Darfur “genocide”. For Prendergast and Cheadle there is no doubts that the United States must intervene in Sudan in order to restore its moral leadership.
However, that rhetoric does not seem to make an impact out of the United States. Even Britain, the traditional US ally, seems to follow a behaviour line different to that followed by Washington. Tony Blair’s Foreign Minister Jack Straw offers quite a different image of the Darfur situation in a forum published by the International Herald Tribune. In Abuja, Nigeria, where the Darfur rebel movements and Sudanese authorities carry out negotiations (which are fully ignored by US press analysts), the British Foreign Minister presents the Darfur events not as a genocide, but as a civil war in which the population is the victim. For Straw, the attitude assumed by Jartum is comparable to that of the rebels. On the other hand, he appears especially virulent against the rebels in Darfur who are not participating in the negotiations and who, in his opinion, are responsible for most of the violations of the ceasefire.
In the AlarabOnline, the spokesperson to the Sudan’s Liberation Army (new name given to the Darfur Liberation Army), Aissam Eddine Al Hajj, welcomes the statements by Jack Straw in Abuja, but he takes all sense out of it. He says that Jartum’s authorities are the only ones held accountable for the crisis and that is what the British minister wanted to point out.
In the same daily, journalist Moukhtar al Dobadi also rejects the US viewpoint and calls Washingto’s sudden activism as to the Sudan Issue a manoeuvre aimed at causing a blast in the country. He says the intentions to have non African troops intervene in Darfur must be understood as a new action to divide the oil-producing country. With the Iraqi precedent in mind, the author suggests that the United States has proven its willingness to attack all Arab oil producing countries in an effort to split them apart. The journalist warns Sudanese ethnic minorities: by promising to defend your rights, Washington tries to use you.
Voltaire Network
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10 March 2006
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Authors and Sources of Op-Eds Decyphered
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“U.S. must act now to end genocide in Sudan”
Author
Joseph R. Biden Jr.

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Joseph R. Biden Jr. has pursued an exclusively political career. Elected senator from Delaware in 1972, at the legal age of 30 years, first became famous for liberal positions at the Justice Commission. He chaired in 1991 hearings widely spread by the media for the appointment of the judge Clarence Tomas to the Supreme Court although the judge had been accused of sexual harassment. In 1997, he became the democratic leader and then president on the Foreign Relations Commission. He encouraged his country to get involved militarily in Yugoslavia and later in Iraq, but is against the “stars war” program. At present, he is the ranking Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
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Sources
Gulf News, #Baltimore Sun (United States)
Reference “U.S. must act now to end genocide in Sudan”, por Joseph Biden Jr, Baltimore Sun, February 9, 2006.
“Some hope for Darfur”, Gulf News, February 13, 2006.
Summary In Darfur, we are witnessing a methodical kind of genocide which has claimed between 180,000 and 400,000 Sudanese lives and the displacement of 2 million people since the early 2004. That is the result of systematic elimination campaign launched by the Sudanese regime, whose target are the non-Arab and African tribal groups. At present, genocide continues to increase and the situation has worsen in such a manner that the UN and humanitarian agencies can no longer reach certain areas.
However, there are still reasons for hope. Last week the UN, backed by the United States, accepted to send a peace-keeping force to replace a valiant but ineffective African Union force. We are able to and we must take better action. It is necessary that NATO deploys more troops in that region; Washington must lead operations and establish an exclusion zone to protect the civilians. The US must state its willingness to lead operations there.
In the 1990’s, we were not able to prevent genocide in Rwanda, but we intervened in Bosnia and in Kosovo, two actions that were not popular but necessary. By attacking the people the Sudanese regime has renounced its sovereignty and the fate of the victims is now the responsibility of civilized societies.

“Ending genocide in Darfur”
Authors
John Heffernan, David Tuller
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Former vice-president of the Business Council for the United Nations and former director of the International Rescue Committee for Yugoslavia, John Heffernan is a researcher with Physicians for Human Rights. He was the director of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, one of the four branches of the National Endowment for Democracy, in Guyana, and director in Washington of the Coalition for International Justice.
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Free lance journalist and founding member of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalism Association, David Tuller was a reporter with the San Francisco Chronicles. He worked in the report on Darfur Darfur by the Physicians for Human Rights: Assault on Survival.
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Source
San Francisco Chronicle (United States)
Reference “Ending the genocide in Darfur”, by John Heffernan y David Tuller, San Francisco Chronicles, February 12, 2006.
Summary In September 2004, the Bush administration said that murder, rape and violence in Darfur constituted genocide. Since that moment on, hundreds of thousands of people have been killed, but the responsible ones for such a massacre (the Sudanese government and the militias) continue to wage their campaign against the non-Arab population. That campaign began in 2003. Belligerents present or identify their adversaries as “Arabs” or “Africans”, though the distinction is not based in skin color but on language, ethnic group, culture and way of living. The Arabs are nomadic shepherds, while the Africans are sedentary farmers.
_assailants are Arabs, but than does not mean that the Arabs largely support such attacks. The aggressors commit their crimes to destroy a way of life, not by means of immediate elimination, but by putting populations in such situations that lead to starvation. That is the goal pursued by the Sudanese regime and the janjaweed. They sentence the population to death by forcing the people to abandon their villages.
_The United States wants to chair the UN Security Council this month and the US should not miss the opportunity to reactivate international action regarding this issue. It is necessary a larger supply of resources for the refugees and start thinking on compensation for the victims.

“ Our friend, an architect of the genocide in Darfur”
Authors
John Prendergast, Don Cheadle

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Don Cheadle a US actor. He was nominated to the Oscar 2005 as best actor in his role in Hotel Rwanda, in which he is the director of a Rwanda hotel during the genocide.
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Source
Los Angeles Times (United States)
Reference “Our friend, an architect of the genocide in Darfur”, by John Prendergast and Don Cheadle, Los Angeles Times, February 16, 2005.
Summary Eighteen months ago, the United States made the conclusion that genocide was taking place in Darfur. However, George W. Bush, the only president to have said that genocide was occurring there has taken little action in order to stop it. The reason for that lack of action could well be Salah Abdallah Gosh, a name well known by those responsible for anti-terrorist war and the victims of atrocities in Darfur.
_Between 1990 and 1996, Gosh was assistant to Bin Laden in Sudan and after 2003, he led counter-insurgence operations in Darfur. Such a role would make him appear guilty of war crimes, but instead, the CIA has made him one of its main interlocutors in the issue regarding the war on terror and an informer in regards to Al Qaeda. However, the sins committed by Gosh are too significant to be ignored. Can the CIA ignore someone who equips the janjaweeds? Moreover, Sudan only changed its attitude in the past in the face of threats.
_Finally, the history of Gosh illustrates the limits of anti-terrorist policies that sacrifices other political objectives and that undermines the moral leadership of the United States. It is necessary to double the number of troops in Darfur.

“ Darfur: Stop the killing, or pay the price”
Author
Jack Straw
Source
International Herald Tribune (France)
Reference “Darfur: Stop the killing, or pay the price”, por Jack Straw, International Herald Tribune, 17 de febrero de 2006.
“War is not the solution to the crisis in Darfur”
Author
Aissam Eddine Al Hajj
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Aissam Eddine Al Hajj is spokesman to Sudan’s Liberation Army movement ( new name given to Darfur’s Liberation Army).
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Source
Alarabonline.org
Reference “أزمة دارفور لا يمكن حلّها بالحرب ”, por Aissam Eddine Al Hajj, AlarabOnline, 16 de febrero de 2006.
Summary Sudan’s Liberation Army movement expresses is views on the role being played by the British government to solve the crisis in our country. The movement thanks the British Minister of Foreign Affairs for his presence at negotiations; the movement is even more thankful for the fact that he is the first European foreign minister to have taken that step. The movement also thanks his statement confirming the strong willingness of the United Kingdom and its commitment to develop peace and democracy in Sudan, at the same time that calls for respect for human rights and the sovereignty of the law.
The movement confirms the views of Jack Straw on the Sudanese crisis. In other words, the movement shares his views that the war must be excluded as the solution to the crisis. On the other hand, the conflict can only be solved by means of a political solution.
Our movement explains that the extension of negotiations and the failure to reach an accord before the end of last year was due to the stubbornness of the Jartum regime and its rejection of the advancement of the peace process, since it also opposes allowing the people of Darfur enjoy their legitimate rights.
We reiterate our full commitment to respect all protocols and agreements signed with the government, which we accuse of being behind the catastrophe facing Darfur. In that direction, the movement pledges itself to the call made by Straw and the compromise of his country to multiply efforts in order to have the UN 1591 resolution be enforced, what would allow the persecution and legal processing of those who have violated human rights and hampered the peace process.

“Sudan follows the steps of Iraq”
Author
Moukhtar al Dobabi
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Moukhtar al Dobabi is a journalist with the daily AlarabOnline. He was staff secretary at the Tunisian daily Al- Sarih.
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Source
Alarabonline.org
Reference “السودان على خطى العراق ”, por Moukhtar al Dobabi, AlarabOnline, 18 de enero de 2006.
Summary The call issued by the Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan, to replace African forces with international troops is not a personal initiative. In effect, it is a US-European project and that explains the justifiable rejection it has found in Sudan. The deployment of international troops will lead to the failure of the African Union to solve the Darfur crisis. It is another way to say that the African and Arab solution is not enough and that implies the intervention of the big powers, particularly the United States, to globalize the solution. In that sense, the Iraqi example is being followed and eventually the example of Syria.
The Darfur crisis would have not been that complex without the intervention of foreign actors to ruin African efforts. On the other hand, the Sudan crisis has always been the testimony of regional or international interventions aimed at destabilizing and weakening this oil-producing country. Sudan represents, by itself, a continent within the African continent. This way and from the western perspective, its instability poses a threat to regional equations drawn by big superpowers since the Cold War period, even more when the United States now wishes to dismantle large countries such as Yugoslavia and Iraq and with that aim the US uses small ethnic or religious groups in the target countries.
While ethnic minorities, in the Arab world, only resort to Washington to recover their rights and have their life be respected, the United States tries to link their destiny to the Bush administration, what means controlling them. Direct military intervention aimed at imposing US views on Darfur, despite the rejection by Jartum and the African Union, proves up to what point the conservatives get around the world map that remained after the two world wars, which the US wants to redesign in the detriment of the Arabs.
Some of these Arabs, who have participated in the destruction of Sudan through many crises, have turned their back on this country by leaving it at the hands of the big imperialist powers. What is worse is that one of the leaders of the “Al-oumma” party has welcomed foreign intervention as he thinks that it will bring stability and respect for human rights.

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