Executive Order 13460 of February 13, 2008 Blocking Property of Additional Persons in Connection With the National Emergency With Respect to Syria

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)(IEEPA), the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United
States Code,

I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that
the Government of Syria continues to engage in certain conduct that formed
the basis for the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13338
of May 11, 2004, including but not limited to undermining efforts with
respect to the stabilization of Iraq. I further find that the conduct of certain
members of the Government of Syria and other persons contributing to
public corruption related to Syria, including by misusing Syrian public
assets or by misusing public authority, entrenches and enriches the Government
of Syria and its supporters and thereby enables the Government of
Syria to continue to engage in certain conduct that formed the basis for
the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13338. In light of these
findings, and to take additional steps with respect to the national emergency
declared in Executive Order 13338 of May 11, 2004, I hereby order:

Section 1. (a) Except to the extent provided in section 203(b)(1), (3), and
(4) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(1), (3) and (4)), the Trade Sanctions Reform
and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (title IX, Public Law 106–387), or
regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to
this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license
or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, all property
and interests in property that are in the United States, that hereafter come
within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession
or control of any United States person, including any overseas branch,
of the following persons are blocked and may not be transferred, paid,
exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in: persons determined by the Secretary
of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of State, to
be responsible for, to have engaged in, to have facilitated, or to have secured
improper advantage as a result of, public corruption by senior officials
within the Government of Syria.
(b) The prohibitions in paragraph (a) of this section include, but are not
limited to, (i) the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods,
or services by, to, or for the benefit of any person designated pursuant
to this order, and (ii) the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds,
goods, or services from any such person.

Sec. 2. Section 3(a)(iv) of Executive Order 13338 is hereby amended to
read as follows:
‘‘(iv) to be or to have been responsible for or otherwise significantly
contributing to actions taken or decisions made by the Government of
Syria that have the purpose or effect of undermining efforts to stabilize
Iraq or of allowing the use of Syrian territory or facilities to undermine
efforts to stabilize Iraq; or’’.

Sec. 3. (a) Any transaction by a United States person or within the United
States that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or
attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.
(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in
this order is prohibited.

Sec. 4. For purposes of this order:
(a) the term ‘‘person’’ means any individual or entity;
(b) the term ‘‘entity’’ means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture,
corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization; and
(c) the term ‘‘United States person’’ means any United States citizen, permanent
resident alien, entity organized under the laws of the United States
or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches),
or any person in the United States.

Sec. 5. I hereby determine that the making of donations of the type specified
in section 203(b)(2) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)) by, to, or for the benefit
of, persons whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant
to section 1 of this order would seriously impair my ability to deal with
the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13338 and relied upon
for additional steps taken in Executive Order 13399 of April 25, 2006],
and I hereby prohibit such donations as provided by section 1 of this
order.

Sec. 6. For those persons whose property and interests in property are
blocked pursuant to section 1 of this order who might have a constitutional
presence in the United States, I find that, because of the ability to transfer
funds or other assets instantaneously, prior notice to such persons of measures
to be taken pursuant to this order would render these measures ineffectual.
I therefore determine that for these measures to be effective in addressing
the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13338 and relied upon
for additional steps taken in Executive Order 13399, there need be no
prior notice of a determination made pursuant to this order.

Sec. 7. The Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary
of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation
of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to the President
by IEEPA as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order.
The Secretary of the Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to
other officers and agencies of the United States Government, consistent
with applicable law. All executive agencies of the United States Government
are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority
to carry out the provisions of this order and, where appropriate, to advise
the Secretary of the Treasury in a timely manner of the measures taken.

Sec. 8. Nothing in this order is intended to affect the continued effectiveness
of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses, or other forms of administrative
action issued, taken, or continued in effect heretofore or hereafter under
31 C.F.R. chapter V, except as expressly terminated, modified, or suspended
by or pursuant to this order.

Sec. 9. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or
benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any
party against the United States, its departments, agencies, instrumentalities,
or entities, its officers or employees, or any other person.